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RunupLab

Free tool

Weight & Balance Calculator

Enter your empty weight and CG, then each loading station — front seats, rear seats, baggage, and fuel — with the arm it acts on, and read back total weight, center of gravity, and whether the loaded point sits inside the CG envelope. The chart plots your loaded point and the zero-fuel point against the envelope so you can see the load walk forward as you burn off fuel.

The method is the same for any light single: each station's moment is its weight times its arm; total moment divided by total weight is the CG; that CG is checked against the forward and aft limits interpolated at your weight. Empty weight, empty CG, every station arm, and every load are yours to edit — type them off your aircraft's weight-and-balance form.

Pick your type; the limits come with it. The CG envelope, maximum weights, station caps and usable fuel are the selected type's certificated figures, taken from its FAA or EASA type certificate and checked against a frozen copy of that document on every build. What is not certificated is your airframe's basic empty weight and CG — those come off its own weighing record, and the seeded values are only representative. If you fly a type that isn't listed, the arithmetic is still right but the limits are not yours: read the total weight and CG, then compare them to your own POH rather than trusting the in/out verdict.

If you want to see how the CG moves as you load the cabin and burn off fuel, the CG envelope trainer does that with the same four types and preset scenarios.

Aircraft

Datum: lower portion of the front face of the firewall.

Empty aircraft

From your aircraft's actual weight-and-balance form. The seeded values are representative for the type, not certificated figures.

Load stations — weight & arm

Fuel at 6 lb/gal = 240 lb aboard. Arms are inches aft of the datum — edit them for your airframe. Station caps and the envelope come from the type certificate and are not editable.

Total weight2,280 lb
Center of gravity40.5 in
Envelope check Cessna 172S Skyhawk SP, Normal categoryIN — within limits

Limits at 2,280 lb: CG must fall between 38.347.3 in. Max gross 2,550 lb. Your CG is 40.5 in.

Utility category: Normal category only — in Utility it is over maximum takeoff weight by 80 lb (limit 2,200 lb).

3335373941434547491,4001,6001,8002,0002,2002,4002,600CG — IN AFT OF DATUMLBMAX GROSS 2,550

loaded · zero fuel · max gross · ┄ Utility limits where they differ. Burning fuel walks the point from loaded toward the zero-fuel mark — check that it stays inside the whole way down. Verify against your aircraft's W&B form before flight.

Weight × arm = moment

ItemWeight (lb)Arm (in)Moment (lb·in)
Empty aircraft1680.039.566,360
Front seats340.037.012,580
Rear seats0.073.00
Baggage area 120.095.01,900
Baggage area 20.0123.00
Fuel240.048.011,520
Total2280.092,360

CG = ΣM ÷ ΣW = 92,360 ÷ 2280.0 = 40.51 in

Conditions on this type's certificated limits

  • Utility category is approved for 2 persons, so the rear seats must be empty. 3A12 states no baggage restriction for Utility; your POH may impose one, and it wins.
  • 3A12 NOTE 1 requires the certificated empty weight to include unusable fuel (18 lb at 46.0 in) and full oil (15.0 lb at 13.1 in FORWARD of datum). Check your weighing record already accounts for both.

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Next step

The Private Pilot Quick-Review Study Guide covers this in chapter 4 (performance and weight & balance). It is in CFI review and not on sale yet; the guide page has the list for launch notes.